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Published: September 28, 2006
Helium, neon and krypton have nothing to do with Superman's weaknesses. These are three noble elements that are used by scientists and their work with gas lasers.
The laser itself is used for laser eye surgery, CD and DVD technology, and in scientific experiments around the world. However, gas lasers were invented by Iranian MIT physicist Ali Javan at 4:20 PM on December 12, 1960. A continuous laser light beam came from a gas laser apparatus.
For his breakthrough with the gas laser, Javan selected helium and neon for the experiment. Two electrical currents flow through two inert gases as internal energy, first through the helium, then the neon. The energy is then converted into a beam of laser light. Then the beam is extracted from the inside of the gas laser apparatus by the use of mirrors. The beam bounces back and forth between the two mirrors which increases the light's strength.
The helium-neon laser produces the familiar red laser beam. It is comprised of helium and neon which is turned into excited gasses during the process, a 1400 volt energy pump which converts the gasses into their excited state, and an "optical gain medium" (mirrors) and an "optical resonator or cavity" (resonator mirrors and a high reflector).
Research laboratories are not the only ones to use the gas laser in their experiments. The bar code scanner in supermarkets is based on the gas laser principle that Javan invented in his 1960 experiment. The principle of laser light with semiconductors is what makes compact disc players work. Aside from this, carbon dioxide gas lasers are used in laser radar and in the manufacture of pacemakers for heart patients.
There is also a report that which was released in late 2005 about another noble gas becoming useful in gas laser work. Scientists at Colorado State University are working with Krypton, a noble gas just like helium and neon, to discover a method in the study of lung disease. Krypton is being considered because it can improve the contrast in the MRI results of the respiratory system. This research in the possibility of using krypton in MRIs can help in the treatment of patients with asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, and other diseases. The krypton that will hopefully be used in MRIs is called Krypton-83.
From Ali Javan's breakthrough on a snowy day in late 1960 to research to improve MRIs for lung patients, the term Noble Gas is ironic when discussing helium, neon, and krypton.
Javan, Ali. "Gas Laser." Farhangsara. September 27, 2006. http://www.farhangsara.com/laser.htm
Department of Physics. "The Helium-Neon Laser." Modern Physics Laboratory. 1992-1993. Middlebury College. September 27, 2006. http://cat.middlebury.edu/~PHManual/heliumneon.htm l
Press Release. "Scientists at Colorado State Investigate Laser-Polarized Krypton Gas for Medical Imaging." Colorado State University. December 15, 2005. Copyright 2005. Colorado State University. September 27, 2005.
http://newsinfo.colostate.edu/index.asp?page=new s_item_display&news_item_id=1019533644
WebElements. "Krypton." WebElements Ltd., UK and Mark Winter, University of Sheffield. Copyright 2006. September 27, 2006.
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/ text/Kr/key.html
WebElements. "Helium." WebElements Ltd., UK and Mark Winter, University of Sheffield. Copyright 2006. September 27, 2006.
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/ text/He/key.html
WebElements. "Neon." WebElements Ltd., UK and Mark Winter, University of Sheffield. Copyright 2006. September 27, 2006.
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/ text/Ne/key.html
The laser itself is used for laser eye surgery, CD and DVD technology, and in scientific experiments around the world. However, gas lasers were invented by Iranian MIT physicist Ali Javan at 4:20 PM on December 12, 1960. A continuous laser light beam came from a gas laser apparatus.
For his breakthrough with the gas laser, Javan selected helium and neon for the experiment. Two electrical currents flow through two inert gases as internal energy, first through the helium, then the neon. The energy is then converted into a beam of laser light. Then the beam is extracted from the inside of the gas laser apparatus by the use of mirrors. The beam bounces back and forth between the two mirrors which increases the light's strength.
The helium-neon laser produces the familiar red laser beam. It is comprised of helium and neon which is turned into excited gasses during the process, a 1400 volt energy pump which converts the gasses into their excited state, and an "optical gain medium" (mirrors) and an "optical resonator or cavity" (resonator mirrors and a high reflector).
Research laboratories are not the only ones to use the gas laser in their experiments. The bar code scanner in supermarkets is based on the gas laser principle that Javan invented in his 1960 experiment. The principle of laser light with semiconductors is what makes compact disc players work. Aside from this, carbon dioxide gas lasers are used in laser radar and in the manufacture of pacemakers for heart patients.
There is also a report that which was released in late 2005 about another noble gas becoming useful in gas laser work. Scientists at Colorado State University are working with Krypton, a noble gas just like helium and neon, to discover a method in the study of lung disease. Krypton is being considered because it can improve the contrast in the MRI results of the respiratory system. This research in the possibility of using krypton in MRIs can help in the treatment of patients with asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, and other diseases. The krypton that will hopefully be used in MRIs is called Krypton-83.
From Ali Javan's breakthrough on a snowy day in late 1960 to research to improve MRIs for lung patients, the term Noble Gas is ironic when discussing helium, neon, and krypton.
Javan, Ali. "Gas Laser." Farhangsara. September 27, 2006. http://www.farhangsara.com/laser.htm
Department of Physics. "The Helium-Neon Laser." Modern Physics Laboratory. 1992-1993. Middlebury College. September 27, 2006. http://cat.middlebury.edu/~PHManual/heliumneon.htm l
Press Release. "Scientists at Colorado State Investigate Laser-Polarized Krypton Gas for Medical Imaging." Colorado State University. December 15, 2005. Copyright 2005. Colorado State University. September 27, 2005.
http://newsinfo.colostate.edu/index.asp?page=new s_item_display&news_item_id=1019533644
WebElements. "Krypton." WebElements Ltd., UK and Mark Winter, University of Sheffield. Copyright 2006. September 27, 2006.
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/ text/Kr/key.html
WebElements. "Helium." WebElements Ltd., UK and Mark Winter, University of Sheffield. Copyright 2006. September 27, 2006.
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/ text/He/key.html
WebElements. "Neon." WebElements Ltd., UK and Mark Winter, University of Sheffield. Copyright 2006. September 27, 2006.
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/ text/Ne/key.html
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